Leopard Facts Habitat, Behavior, Diet

Leopards (Panthera pardus) are one of five species of the big cat genus Panthera, a group that also includes tigers, lions, and jaguars. These beautiful carnivores are the subject of movies, legends, and folk tales, and are common in captivity. There are nine official subspecies of leopards, as well as several proposed sub-species. Leopards are considered to be vulnerable, endangered, or critically endangered animals in different areas of their range, which includes portions of African and Asia. Fast Facts: Leopards Scientific Name: Panthera pardusCommon Name(s): Leopard, pard,  pardus, pantherBasic Animal Group:  MammalSize: 22–22 inches tall, 35–75  inches longWeight: 82–200 poundsLifespan: 21–23 yearsDiet:  CarnivoreHabitat:  Africa and AsiaConservation  Status:  Endangered or Near Threatened depending on location Description The base color of the leopards coat is cream-yellow on the belly and it darkens slightly to an orange-brown on the back. A dappling of solid black spots is present on the leopards limbs and head. These spots form circular rosette patterns that are golden or umber in color at the center. The rosettes are most prominent on the jaguars back and flanks. Spots on the leopards neck, belly, and limbs are smaller and do not form rosettes. The leopards tail has irregular patches that, at the tip of the tail, become dark-ringed bands. Leopards exhibit a range of color and pattern variations. Like many species of cats, leopards sometimes exhibit melanism, a genetic mutation that causes the skin and fur of the animal to contain large amounts of the dark pigment called melanin. Melanistic leopards are also known as black leopards. These leopards were once thought to be a separate species from non-melanistic leopards. Upon close inspection, it becomes apparent that the background coat color is dark but the rosettes and spots are still present, just obscured by the darker undercoat. Leopards living in desert areas tend to be paler yellow in color than those that live in grasslands. Leopards inhabiting grasslands are a deeper golden color. Leopards have shorter legs than many other species of big cats. Their body is long and they have a relatively large skull. Leopards are similar to jaguars in appearance but their rosettes are smaller and lack a black spot in the center of the rosette. Full grown leopards can weigh between 82 and 200 pounds. The lifespan of a leopard is between 12 and 17 years. Rudi Hulshof/Getty Images Habitat and Distribution The geographical range of leopards is among the most widespread of all the big cat species. They inhabit the grasslands and deserts of Sub-Saharan Africa including West, Central, South and East Africa as well as South East Asia. Their range does not overlap with jaguars, which are native to Central and South America. Diet and Behavior Leopards are carnivores, but their diet is among the widest of all the cat species. Leopards feed primarily on large prey species such as ungulates. They also feed on monkeys, insects, birds, small mammals, and reptiles. The diet of leopards varies based on their location. In Asia, their prey includes antelopes, chitals, muntjacs, and ibex. Leopards hunt mainly during the night and are skilled at climbing and often carry their prey into trees where they feed or hide their catch for later use. By feeding in trees, leopards avoid being disturbed by scavengers such as jackals and hyenas. When a leopard captures large prey, it can sustain them for as long as two weeks. Anup Shah/Getty Images Reproduction and Offspring Leopards have multiple mates and reproduce year-round; females attract potential mates by excreting pheromones. Females give birth to two to four cubs after a gestation period of about 96 days and usually produce a litter every 15 to 24 months. Leopard cubs are tiny (about two pounds at birth) and spend their first week of life with their eyes closed. Cub learn to walk at about 2 weeks old, leave the den at about 7 weeks, and are weaned by three months. They are independent by the age of 20 months, though siblings may stay together for several years and young leopards often stay in the area where they were born. Dietmar Willuhn/Getty Images Conservation Status Leopards are more numerous than any of the other great cats, but, according to the Animal Diversity Web, Leopards are declining in parts of their geographic range due to habitat loss and fragmentation and hunting for trade and pest control. As a result, leopards are listed as near threatened on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Efforts are underway to protect most of their range in West Africa, but numbers are still shrinking; five of the nine subspecies of leopard are now considered to be endangered or critically endangered: Panthera pardus nimr  - Arabian leopard (CR Critically Endangered)Panthera pardus saxicolor  - Persian leopard (EN Endangered)Panthera pardus melas  - Javan leopard (CR Critically Endangered)Panthera pardus kotiya  - Sri Lankan leopard (EN Endangered)Panthera pardus japonensis  - North Chinese leopard (EN Endangered)Panthera pardus orientalis  - Amur leopard (CR Critically Endangered) Sources Burnie D, Wilson DE. 2001. Animal. London: Dorling Kindersley. p. 624.Guggisberg C. 1975. Wild Cats of the World. New York: Taplinger Publishing Company.Hunt, Ashley. â€Å"Panthera Pardus (Leopard).†Ã‚  Animal Diversity Web, animaldiversity.org/accounts/Panthera_pardus/.

A Son Of The Forest - 892 Words

William Apess broke the mold by writing this autobiography titled A Son of the Forest in 1829, considering it was not a common literary form for his time. Apess also set the bar as the earliest autobiography written and published by a Native American. Throughout the piece we learn his highs and lows, the prejudices he encountered, his different jobs, and his ordainment and success as a minister. Apess was child of a mixed-race shoemaker, and a slave/indentured servant. While he was young his parents split and Apess and his siblings were left in the care of their grandparents. Apess describes his life with grandparents to be awful. He writes that when his grandparents are under the influence of liquor that they would fight and at times would turn on him and his siblings and beat them â€Å"in the most cruel manner† (Apess, 5). At one point he writes that his grandmother comes home intoxicated after being out â€Å"amongst the whites† and beat him severely. Later he says that the reason for her conduct was caused by something, â€Å"I attribute it in a great measure to the whites†. Even though he did not like the whites, Mr. Furman was a white neighbor who gave he and his siblings milk when they were hungry and also attended to his broken arm after his being pushed down the stairs. Apess himself even calls Mr. Furman a good man (60). Although Apess holds somewhat of a grudge against the white man, his autobiography serves as an honest look into the life of a typical Native American in theShow MoreRelatedDifferences In William Apesss Son Of The Forest1055 Words   |  5 Pages1. One of the differences in William Apess’s â€Å"Son of the Forest† is the perspective of the writer. Apess was Native American born, whereas other writers we have encountered were European usually of English or Spanish descent. 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Business Research Process Enhancing Risk Research

Question: Discuss about the Business Research Process for Enhancing Risk Research. Answer: Introduction Surveys are the primary sources of any research process. For the purpose to conduct research every research needs an instrument to fulfill its needs and requirements. Instrument is a tool which helps in enhancing research work and its validity. This article talks about a standout amongst the most inconsequential parts of a researcher's day by day assignments, which is to choose among different accessible choices the instruments to perform information gathering that meet the planned destinations and, in the meantime, regard budgetary and temporal confinements and in addition other similarly important issues when directing an exploration. The instrument for information accumulation is a key component of the customary polls, which are utilized to examine different themes of enthusiasm among members of logical studies (Mesa, DA, JL, RR; 2014). It is assumed by the researcher that the validity is available in the instrument that will be reflected when it is going to used in research process (Paulo, 1999).An exploration can be judged both as far as interior Validity when its decisions are right for that specimen of concentrated on people, and additionally outside Validity, when its outcomes can be summed up to different settings and populace domains (Koogan; 2002). Moreover, to be substantial in any measurement this examination ought to have utilized a set up instrument, ready to recognize people who really have this dermatological condition from the individuals who don't have it. In this way, the study's Validity examine relies on upon the Validity of the very instruments that are utilized. An examination instrument is regarded dependable when it can reliably create similar comes about subsequent to being connected over and again to similar gathering of subjects. This idea is regularly utilized as a part of different phases of the examination procedure including, quality control check. Reapplying a few inquiries to similar subjects as of now met or notwithstanding amid the development of another instrument in the test-retest stage in which the Reliability quality and consistency of the given answers are analyzed (ISAAC, 2006). A study or a research will get more strong and validated if more instruments are used in analyzing the things. The intrigued peruser ought to counsel particular productions for further examination of this topic (SAGE, 1979) Continuing our unique question, it must be noticed that the requirement for cautious determination of instruments to be utilized as a part of logical examinations must have a strong hypothetical premise and ought not be considered as a unimportant prevailing fashion. Wrong selections of the instrument can downward the research process. Creating misdirecting comes about, which are in this manner not able to answer the examination address initially figured (university press, 2006). Plus, the decision of an instrument likewise has suggestions in the capacity to sum up the exploration comes about (outside Validity), and to contrast them and those of different studies led broadly or globally on similar subject - specialists utilizing identical instruments can build up a powerful exchange, which empowers a more thorough investigation of the wonder being referred to, including its predecessors and consequences (JW, 2007) Lets take an example of the Job Satisfaction Survey. The instrument is made out of 36 Likert scale things. On account of this specific instrument, you can compute an aggregate score, or you figure nine sub-scale scores. In the event that you need to think about general occupation fulfillment, the aggregate score would be an adequate measure (koogan, 2012). It is essential while selecting a study instrument that it has been observed to be dependable and substantial. Reliability quality alludes to the degree that the instrument yields similar results over different trials. Validity alludes to the degree that the instrument measures what it was intended to quantify. There are a few approaches to evaluate the dependability and Validity of the instrument once information has been gathered be that as it may, these components are essential to know before information accumulation. To figure out whether the instrument has been demonstrated solid and legitimate, it is critical to examine the instrument and discover what past studies learned ("Survey Selection and Administration - Statistics Solutions", 2016). A fast appraisal of past research that utilized the instrument ought to permit you. While selecting an overview instrument, it is critical to know how add up to scores or midpoints are ascertained and what higher or bring down scores demonstrate. Periodically, in study instruments, the device can be included contrarily worded things and additionally emphatically worded things. At the point when scoring these instruments, it is imperative to know which things should be switch scored before computation. It is vital to see how the instrument has been scored in past studies and to copy that scoring strategy for your study. One other element to consider while selecting an instrument is the kind of information you will be acquire. On the off chance that you are wanting to utilize a just illustrative study, the outline of the reaction alternatives can fluctuate from question to address. On the off chance that you plan to utilize inferential measurements, it is useful to have the capacity to make add up to scores. Keeping in mind the end goal to make add up to scores or normal scores, you regularly need all reaction choices that make up a specific scale or sub-scale to have similar range, maybe 1 - 5 where 1 = firmly differ and 5 = emphatically concur. Keep in mind, the two most vital calculates selecting an instrument are that the instrument measures your variable of intrigue and that it is solid and legitimate. That data combined with alternate recommendations will help you in the choice of a fantastic instrument. There are various factors which need to be considered when selecting instrument for survey: Instrument should be well-tested factorial structure, validity reliability Supportive material should be available for further research and for analysis purpose. Normative data should be available in order to analyse, interpret and validating data. Instrument should be applicable to whole selected population. User friendly Availability Financial cost Amount of time required Conduct a pilot survey in order to test the validity rather than being use it at a first shot for whole selected population. After that the instrument should be selected that can meet the objectives of the study, considering budget, moral and time requirements, among others. In an examination setting at whatever point altogether the picked instrument has been made unmistakable from that of research, scan the writing for investigations of diverse adjustment that expected to create a proportionate variant of the instrument, exploration context (MF, CL, 2007). Thus, as contended by Reichenheim and Moares, "the procedure of multifaceted adjustment ought to be a mix between a part of exacting interpretation of words and expressions starting with one dialect then onto the next and a fastidious tuning process, that addresses the social setting and way of life of the objective populace to which the rendition will be applied."10 Check the Validity and Reliability quality of tests and instruments. Do they truly quantify what they claim to gauge? Do they quantify reliably over the long haul, with various research subjects and ethnic gatherings, and after rehashed utilize? Examine articles that utilized the test will frequently incorporate Reliability quality and Validity information. There might be some issues in selecting instruments: There might be some issues while selecting instrument of survey, it is a numerous choice while setting research (Community Tool Box, 2016). There are various options available for the research, the decision is to be taken in the manner that which instrument suits the research purpose (Socialresearchmethods.net, 2016). Population Issues Is the population literate? Can the population be enumerated? Will the population selected for research purpose corporate? Do we need to face language issues? What are the following geographic restrictions? Sampling Issues Is the relevant data available? Will we be able to find respondents? Who will be the respondents? Are response rates likely to be a problem? Question Issues Types of questions which can be asked? Should questions be complex or simple? Open or close ended? Can questions be lengthy? Administrative Issues money time facilities personnel References Assessing Community Needs and Resources | Section 7. Conducting Needs Assessment Surveys | Main Section | Community Tool Box. (2016). ku.edu. Retrieved 20 October 2016, from https://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-contents/assessment/assessing-community-needs-and-resources/conducting-needs-assessment-surveys/main. Berry JW, Poortinga YH, Segall MH, Dasen PR.Cross-cultural psychology: research and applications.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2007. Carmines EG, Zeller RA. Reliability and validity assessment. In: Lewis-Beck MS, editor.Reliability and validity assessment.Thousand Oaks: SAGE; 1979. DaMatta R.Relativizando: uma introduo antropologia social.Rio de Janeiro: Rocco; 1987. Gil AC.Mtodos e tcnicas de pesquisa social.So Paulo: Atlas; 1999. Kamamoto Cde S, Hassun KM, Bagatin E, Tomimori J. Acne-specific quality of life questionnaire (Acne-QoL): translation, cultural adaptation and validation into Brazilian-Portuguese language.An Bras Dermatol.2014;89:8390. Martnez-Mesa J, Gonzlez-Chica DA, Bastos JL, Bonamigo RR, Duquia RP. Sample size: how many participants do I need in my research?An Bras Dermatol.2014;89:609615 Pereira MG.Epidemiologia: teoria e prtica.Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan; 2002. Reichenheim ME, Moraes CL. Qualidade dos instrumentos epidemiolgicos. In: Almeida-Filho N, Barreto ML, editors.Epidemiologia sade: fundamentos, mtodos e aplicaes.Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan; 2012. pp. 150164. Reichenheim ME, Moraes CL. Operationalizing the cross-cultural adaptation of epidemiological measurement instruments.Rev Sade Pblica.2007;41:665673. Survey Selection and Administration - Statistics Solutions. (2016). Statistics Solutions. Retrieved 20 October 2016, from https://www.statisticssolutions.com/survey-selection-and-administration/ Sol D, Camelo-Nunes IC, Wandalsen GF, Mallozi MC, Naspitz CK, Brazilian ISAAC Group Prevalence of atopic eczema and related symptoms in Brazilian schoolchildren: results from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) phase 3.J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol.2006;16:367376. net. (2016). Selecting the Survey Method. [online] Available at: https://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/survsel.php [Accessed 20 Oct. 2016]. Streiner DL, Norman GR.Health measurement scales: a practical guide to their development and use.2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2006.